Long-term use of phenobarbital may lead to deficiencies in which vitamins?

The long-term use of phenobarbital, a barbiturate often prescribed for seizures, has been associated with deficiencies in certain vitamins, particularly the B vitamins, such as B9 (folate) and B12, as well as vitamin D. Phenobarbital can interfere with the metabolism of folate and other B vitamins, leading to a decreased absorption or utilization of these essential nutrients.

Vitamin B9 is crucial for DNA synthesis and is vital for reproductive health and the formation of red blood cells. Deficiencies in vitamin B12 can lead to neurological issues and anemia. Additionally, phenobarbital can affect vitamin D metabolism, leading to deficiencies that influence calcium absorption and bone density. Understanding this relationship highlights the importance of monitoring nutrient levels in patients on long-term phenobarbital therapy, and addressing any deficiencies that may occur to maintain overall health.