Which symptom would most likely prompt the evaluation of a patient for hyperthyroidism?

The symptom most likely to prompt the evaluation of a patient for hyperthyroidism is increased appetite with weight loss. Hyperthyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland produces excessive amounts of thyroid hormones, which can significantly accelerate metabolism. As a result, individuals often experience a heightened appetite due to the increased metabolic demands on the body. However, despite eating more, they often lose weight because their bodies are burning calories at a much faster rate than normal.

The combination of increased appetite and weight loss is a classic sign of hyperthyroidism, often referred to as hypermetabolism. This symptom can also lead to other associated signs, such as rapid heart rate and anxiety, and is critical for healthcare providers to consider when evaluating a patient for this condition.

Other symptoms, such as weight gain or cold intolerance, are more commonly associated with hypothyroidism, where metabolism slows down. Fatigue may occur in both conditions but is less specific and not as definitive for hyperthyroidism. Thus, the symptom of increased appetite with weight loss stands out as a key indicator for evaluating hyperthyroidism.